Oil Electric Hybrid Sedan require electrical energy from the grid or energy storage devices for charging. This energy needs to be converted by the charging equipment to match the technical characteristics of the Electric Car battery to complete the charging process.
Vehicle-mounted chargers and charging stations are equipped with automatic power-off functionality when fully charged. Furthermore, charging stations are designed with overcharge protection, overvoltage protection, and overcurrent protection in mind.
In addition, the conversion process of the charging equipment needs to coordinate with the battery management system (BMS) of the Electric Car to complete the charging with appropriate voltage and current. The BMS has circuitry for monitoring charging.
It typically provides input to protection devices. If any parameter exceeds the set limits, the protection device will generate an alarm or disconnect the battery from the load or charger.